COVID-19 Could Provide Cover for Surveillance Expansion

guest · Mar 18, 2020

Israel passes emergency law to use mobile data for COVID-19 contact tracing
March 18, 2020
https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/18/i...use-mobile-data-for-covid-19-contact-tracing/

Israel has passed an emergency law to use mobile phone data for tracking people infected with COVID-19 including to identify and quarantine others they have come into contact with and may have infected.
The BBC reports that the emergency law was passed during an overnight sitting of the cabinet, bypassing parliamentary approval.

Civil liberties campaigners have warned the move to monitor citizens’ movements sets a dangerous precedent.

Netanyahu's announcement that he intends to bypass parliamentary oversight and implement emergency regulations that authorize the Shin Bet to locate Corona patients actualizes this danger.
— ACRI (@acri_online) March 16, 2020
Details of exactly how the tracking will work have not been released — but, per the BBC, the location data of people’s mobile devices will be collected from telcos by Israel’s domestic security agency and shared with health officials.
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It also reports the health ministry will be involved in monitoring the location of infected people to ensure they are complying with quarantine rules — saying it can also send text messages to people who have come into contact with someone with COVID-19 to instruct them to self isolate.

That will mean citizens’ smartphones being not just a tool of mass surveillance but also a conduit for targeted containment — raising questions about the impact such intrusive measures might have on people’s willingness to carry mobile devices everywhere they go, even during a pandemic.
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guest · Mar 18, 2020

COVID-19 Could Provide Cover for Domestic Surveillance Expansion
The use of location data to help track and manage the pandemic should come with meaningful safeguards and expiration dates, privacy experts say
March 16, 2020
https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/...ide-cover-for-domestic-surveillance-expansion

In the days and months to come, unprecedented global solidarity will emerge as the world battles the COVID-19 outbreak. But experts also worry the surging pandemic will provide cover for those looking to expand already problematic domestic surveillance practices.

Consumer cell phone location data has proven to be hugely lucrative for the marketing sector and law enforcement community. It’s also useful to urban planners and other researchers hoping to track the movement of a population in sophisticated detail.
When it comes to pandemics, such data can help researchers identify which areas an infected individual may have traveled, and which person or persons in their friend circles they may have had contact with before or after falling ill.

But some of these efforts may also come with troubling privacy ramifications.
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In Israel, the New York Times reports that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has authorized the country’s internal security agency to tap into “a vast and previously undisclosed trove of cellphone data” to better track the behavior and movement of infected COVID-19 patients.

“Governments are prone to overreach in an emergency,” Gaurav Laroia, Senior Policy Counsel and privacy expert at consumer group Free Press told Motherboard. “Especially when they feel the situation is slipping out of their control.”
“There's certainly a possibility that the government may seek to expand domestic surveillance powers under the guise of protecting the public,” he said.

“The ease with which entities can acquire vast amounts of geolocation data is one of the many reasons we need federal privacy legislation.”
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Doctor Linnet Taylor, a data researcher at Tilburg Law School, took to Twitter to warn that any new surveillance efforts established during the COVID-19 crisis should include sunset clauses ensuring they’re rolled back once the threat has abated.

“We must be vigilant about our community's health—and rights as well.”
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The New York Times: To Track Coronavirus, Israel Moves to Tap Secret Trove of Cellphone Data

hawki · Mar 18, 2020

mood said: ↑

COVID-19 Could Provide Cover for Domestic Surveillance Expansion
The use of location data to help track and manage the pandemic should come with meaningful safeguards and expiration dates, privacy experts say
March 16, 2020
https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/...ide-cover-for-domestic-surveillance-expansion
Click to expand...

"U.S. government, tech industry discussing ways to harness location data to combat coronavirus

WASHINGTON – The U.S. government is in active talks with Facebook, Google and a wide array of tech companies and health experts about how they can use data gleaned from Americans’ phones to combat the novel coronavirus, including tracking whether people are keeping one another at safe distances to stem the outbreak..."

https://www.seattletimes.com/busine...-harness-location-data-to-combat-coronavirus/

guest · Mar 18, 2020

European mobile operators share data for coronavirus fight
March 18, 2020
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-...hare-data-for-coronavirus-fight-idUSKBN2152C2

Mobile carriers are sharing data with the health authorities in Italy, Germany and Austria, helping to fight coronavirus by monitoring whether people are complying with curbs on movement while at the same time respecting Europe’s privacy laws.

The data, which are anonymous and aggregated, make it possible to map concentrations and movements of customers in ‘hot zones’ where COVID-19 has taken hold.
That is less invasive than the approach taken by countries like China, Taiwan and South Korea, which use smartphone location readings to trace the contacts of individuals who have tested positive or to enforce quarantine orders.
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In Germany, where schools and restaurants are closing and people have been told to work at home if they can, the data donated by Deutsche Telekom offer insights into whether people are complying, health czar Lothar Wieler said.
However, privacy advocates are skeptical about whether sharing customer data is useful or proportionate, even in a time of crisis. One said that, if people know their phones are being tracked, they will just leave them at home.

“I strongly doubt the value of sharing such customer information,” said opposition Greens lawmaker Tabea Roessner.
ITALY, AUSTRIA
In Italy, mobile carriers Telecom Italia, Vodafone and WindTre have offered authorities aggregated data to monitor people’s movements.

Telekom Austria, operating under the A1 brand, is sharing results from a motion analysis application developed by Invenium, a spin-off from the Graz University of Technology that it has backed.
Austrian campaigner Max Schrems [...] “As long as the data is properly anonymized this is clearly legal,” he told Reuters.
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mirimir · Mar 18, 2020

It does make one wonder

But no, that would be way over the top

Minimalist · Mar 18, 2020

The Value and Ethics of Using Phone Data to Monitor Covid-19

Google and Facebook are considering efforts to analyze the collective movements of millions of users to determine how the deadly novel coronavirus is spreading across the US, and to gauge the effectiveness of calls for social distancing.

The results could be shared with government agencies working to head off what could become an unprecedented public health emergency over the next few weeks. Those with knowledge of the plans say every effort is being made to protect user privacy by anonymizing the data. They say a rough picture of how people are gathering and moving around could prove vital to combating the virus, which threatens to overwhelm US hospitals if the current rate of transmission does not change.

Still, the plan may test people’s attitudes toward privacy and government surveillance, amid growing concerns about the ways in which big tech companies track their users. Some companies already share some aggregate data, but it would be new for Google and Facebook to openly mine user movements on this scale for the government. The data collected would show patterns of user movements. It would need to be cross-referenced with data on testing and diagnoses to show how behavior is affecting the spread of the virus.
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https://www.wired.com/story/value-ethics-using-phone-data-monitor-covid-19/

guest · Mar 20, 2020

Tech companies could face more pressure to share location data with governments to fight coronavirus
In Israel and England, they’re already doing it
March 20, 2020
https://www.theverge.com/interface/...-government-israel-england-facebook-google-o2

OK, so you’re social distancing; I’m social distancing. How’s everyone else doing? It’s a question we all have a vested interest in answering, from government and elected officials managing the outbreak to everyday citizens wondering how long we’re all going to be caged up.

You don’t have to be a dues-paying member of the Electronic Frontier Foundation to shiver at some of the implications here. The government is going to monitor your location to ensure you’re staying a safe distance away from people most of the time? Even if the data was anonymized as promised, it still might seem like a dangerous precedent to set. When else might the government ask to track our phones?
As it turns out, Facebook has made aggregated, anonymized location data available to academic researchers. Issie Lapowsky wrote about the program on Tuesday in Protocol:

[...] These maps use aggregated, de-identified location data from Facebook users who have location history turned on in their Facebook apps. Some 125 nonprofits and research institutions around the world have access to them. [...]
But Facebook isn’t sharing data directly with the government. “We’re not aware of any active conversations or asks with the U.S. or other governments at this point asking for access to that data directly,” Zuckerberg said on Wednesday’s call.
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At the moment, Google hasn’t shared any anonymized location data with the government, and has no plans to join in on an industry effort should one materialize.

In short, whatever conversations may have been had between Big Tech and the government recently, it doesn’t seem like it’s going to lead to the direct sharing of location data. Still, Sen. Ed Markey, D-MA, sent a letter to the office of the chief technology officer of the United States on Thursday with questions about how the CTO planned to use any such data.
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And here’s what’s happening in England, via Sky News’ Alexander Martin:

The government is working with mobile network O2 to analyse anonymous smartphone location data to see whether people are following its social distancing guidelines, Sky News has learned.

One lesson from all this is that if a tech giant ever tells a government that it can’t have a data set, there’s likely a telecom in that country that will be happy to give it away or sell it.
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guest · Mar 20, 2020

Hong Kong is using tracker wristbands to geofence people under coronavirus quarantine
March 19, 2020
https://qz.com/1822215/hong-kong-uses-tracking-wristbands-for-coronavirus-quarantine/

To ensure people under compulsory home quarantines do not stray from the confines of their apartments, the Hong Kong government has rolled out electronic tracker wristbands that alert authorities to rogue escapees.

Here’s how the wristbands work. At the airport, all arrivals are given a wristband, each with a unique QR code. The user will then download an app called StayHomeSafe on their phone, and scan the QR code to pair the wristband with the app. Once home, they are to walk around the apartment to calibrate the wristband.

https://twitter.com/cryopolitics/status/1240385953920724992?s=20
The wristband and the app use what is called geofencing technology, which is different from GPS location tracking, explained Gary Chan, co-founder and director of Compathnion Technology, the local startup behind the app.

“As you walk around the home, the algorithm on the app will sample the signals of the home,” said Chan, who is also a professor of computer science and engineering at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
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The government has argued that the wristband poses no privacy concerns because it does not track one’s exact location. As Chan put it, it’s actually “privacy preserving” because it merely looks at signals to deduce whether someone is inside or outside of the home. It’s not clear how effective the wristbands will be, however.

Taiwan is also deploying tracking technology to enforce quarantine measures, but unlike Hong Kong it monitors GPS on phones.
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Many countries are already drawing on surveillance technologies to combat the coronavirus pandemic. Australia, for example, tapped a phone tracking system typically used for criminal investigations to map out the movements [...]
Singapore, meanwhile, has a team of digital detectives to monitor those under quarantine and trace the travel of confirmed Covid-19 cases.

Israel this week implemented emergency cyber surveillance measures to allow authorities to track the phones of confirmed and suspected coronavirus patients. And the US is in discussions with Facebook and Google about potentially using aggregated and anonymized location data from smartphone.
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noway · Mar 20, 2020

Surprised that this isn't just the tip of the iceberg. Seeing too many examples of "free world" governments unable to control the spread by simply relying on their citizens to do the right thing. So what we have are half measures which are like putting 1/4" speed bumps on the roads. In the western free world there are too many people who are too dumb, too careless and too "me first" for self containment to work.

Want to go to Spring Break in Florida? Have fun! See you soon! Do you need a drive to the airport, son? Don't forget to take your sunblock. Mom and I will be in Vegas.

To slow this down, you would need to have martial law declared and the military and police enforce quarantines with life altering consequences for transgressors. Each city would need to build their own "containment camp" on the outskirts. I don't know of any democracies that would have the stomach to do this. It is a civil war with an unseen enemy and no one has the stomach for war anymore. That may change.

guest · Mar 20, 2020

UK privacy activists raise fears over social distancing tracking
March 20, 2020
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2...-fears-social-distancing-tracking-coronavirus

Privacy campaigners have warned that a UK government plan to use mobile phone data to track the success of the social distancing policy needs to be carried out with “radical transparency” because of the authoritarian possibilities.

The Guardian reported on Thursday that BT and O2 have talked to the government about providing the data, which would be delayed by 12 to 24 hours and stripped of individual identifiers, to help the government assess whether people are following advice to avoid pubs, bars and restaurants.
Big Brother Watch said it was concerning that the deals had been struck in secret. “We need further explanation and much more transparency,” said Silkie Carlo, the privacy group’s director.

But Cheshire said the data the government received was unlikely to be so in-depth. Instead, the most useful information for tracking aggregate movements is the level of demand at any given mast, which can’t be reverse-engineered to breach privacy.
If the government went any further, he said, “ensuring that there are checks and balances – privacy, consent and ethics – becomes fundamental”.
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guest · Mar 21, 2020

The government might want your phone location data to fight coronavirus. Here’s why that could be okay
March 18, 2020
https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/3/18/21184160/government-location-data-coronavirus

Still, even the idea must seem unsettling to some. Many Americans lack trust in both the federal government and in how companies handle their personal data, so it’s understandable that even a hint of collaboration between the two would come under suspicion.

However, in this case, there are some limits to what the government can get from tech companies. America has rules when it comes to what it can force businesses and individuals to give up and how it can force them to do it. Cellphone location data is seen as particularly sensitive because of the immense amount of personal information that can be gleaned from it.
But what the government wants, the Post said, is not the location information of specific people but the location data of many people in aggregate that would be very difficult — perhaps impossible — to trace back to individuals.

David O’Brien, a senior researcher and assistant research director for privacy and security at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society, told Recode that the American government will have to walk a fine line if it wants to get useful information while still preserving citizens’ privacy rights.
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Krusty · Mar 21, 2020

The case for Endgame C: stop almost everything, restart when coronavirus is gone

[...]
We're better at tracking people
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Governments would also need to implement widespread testing and tracking to identify and squash any recurrence (something the shutdown would give them time to set up and improve).

This will be much easier once we are not dealing with a continued flow of new infections from passenger traffic.

Some epidemiologists, such as those from Imperial College, dismiss this approach, saying renewed large outbreaks are "inevitable". But that is only based on history and past measures to track and trace. Today's have no precedent.

We don't yet have China's ability to track and trace. But in a national emergency, setting up systems to track people and their contacts using mobile data might be worth both the money and the invasion of privacy.

While some people would like to execute this strategy without shutting passenger borders hard and for a long time, it is not plausible.

Even today, almost half of Australia's new cases are getting off planes, and every one of them increases the risks of recurrence. Mere voluntary isolation is nothing like safe enough.

An alternative might be to allow Australian citizens to enter, provided they go into enforced isolation in a quarantine station room — for which airport hotels could be repurposed.
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https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03...for-endgame-c-stop-almost-everything/12077096

guest · Mar 22, 2020

Governments Haven’t Shown Location Surveillance Would Help Contain COVID-19
March 21, 2020
https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/...tion-surveillance-would-help-contain-covid-19

Governments have not yet met that standard, nor even shown that extraordinary location surveillance powers would make a significant contribution to containing COVID-19. Unless they can, there’s no justification for their intrusions on privacy and free speech, or the disparate impact these intrusions would have on vulnerable groups. Indeed, governments have not even been transparent about their plans and rationales.

History shows that when government builds new surveillance programs in secret, these programs quickly lead to unjustified privacy abuses. That's one reason EFF has long demanded transparent democratic control over whether government agencies may deploy new surveillance technology.
Governments Must Show Their Work
Because new government dragnet location surveillance powers are such a menace to our digital rights, governments should not be granted these powers unless they can show the public how these powers would actually help, in a significant manner, to contain COVID-19.
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But today, we can’t balance those interests or enumerate necessary safeguards, because governments have not shown how the proposed new dragnet location surveillance powers could help contain COVID-19. The following are some of the points we have not seen the government publicly address.
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guest · Mar 22, 2020

Privacy fears as India hand stamps suspects
March 21, 2020
https://www.thedailystar.net/asia/news/privacy-fears-india-hand-stamps-suspects-1883578

People suspected of having the coronavirus in India have received hand stamps and are being tracked using their mobile phones and personal data to help enforce quarantines, raising concerns about privacy and mass surveillance.

The hand stamps include the date that a person must remain under home quarantine, and states that those marked are "proud to protect" their fellow citizens.

"When I first heard of the stamping in Mumbai, I thought it was fake news," said Supreme Court lawyer N S Nappinai, an expert in data privacy legislation.
"I understand the concern but where does one draw the line? Should fundamental rights be suspended in an emergency like this?"
Technology is being used across Asia to track and help contain the epidemic. In India, government officials are also pulling out citizen and reservation data from airlines and the railways to track suspected infections.
"It is their duty as well to stop the infection. Stamping is essential and very useful to reduce the spread," she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation, adding no one has raised objections so far.
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In Kerala state, authorities have used telephone call records, CCTV footage, and mobile phone GPS systems to track down primary and secondary contacts of coronavirus patients. Officials also published detailed time and date maps of the movement of people who tested positive.
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guest · Mar 22, 2020

UK Coronavirus Bill relaxes restrictions on mass surveillance powers
March 20, 2020
https://www.computerweekly.com/news...axes-restrictions-on-mass-surveillance-powers

The government has outlined new emergency powers to contain the spread of the Covid-19 coronavirus, which includes relaxing restrictions on mass state surveillance.
The measures are expected to be fast-tracked trough Parliament during the 329-page bill’s second reading on Monday, 23 March.

“Greater surveillance could be ushered in through the back door, and this may have already happened,” said civil rights group Liberty in a statement on its website.
Draconian powers
Both Netpol and civil rights group Big Brother Watch (BBW) have condemned the measures as the “most draconian powers in peacetime Britain”.
“Many of the powers are unprecedented, unexplained and simply unjustified. The two-year duration of the act has not been justified and is totally out of step with the existing legal standards for emergency regulations.”
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On 19 March 2020, Sky News reported that the government is working with mobile network O2 to analyse anonymous smartphone location data to see whether people are following its social distancing guidelines.
An O2 spokesperson has since denied the claim, saying that mobile network operators are only in talks at this stage and that, although O2 has the ability to provide location data, it would only relate to broad mass movements and never individuals’ data, if provided.
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hawki · Mar 22, 2020

It's not only surveilance, it's also habeus corpus and basic due process.

Fortunately, lawmakers from both parties have already voiced strong opposition, but it does show the current mentality of Barr's DOJ.

"DOJ seeks new emergency powers amid coronavirus pandemic

One of the requests to Congress would allow the department to petition a judge to indefinitely detain someone during an emergency.

The Justice Department has quietly asked Congress for the ability to ask chief judges to detain people indefinitely without trial during emergencies — part of a push for new powers that comes as the coronavirus spreads through the United States..."

https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/21/doj-coronavirus-emergency-powers-140023

zmechys · Mar 22, 2020

hawki said: ↑

It's not only surveilance, it's also habeus corpus and basic due process.

Fortunately, lawmakers from both parties have already voiced strong opposition, but it does show the current mentality of Barr's DOJ.

"DOJ seeks new emergency powers amid coronavirus pandemic

One of the requests to Congress would allow the department to petition a judge to indefinitely detain someone during an emergency.

The Justice Department has quietly asked Congress for the ability to ask chief judges to detain people indefinitely without trial during emergencies — part of a push for new powers that comes as the coronavirus spreads through the United States..."

https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/21/doj-coronavirus-emergency-powers-140023
Click to expand...

It's not a forum to talk politics, but...

"...he has cited the pandemic as a reason for heightening border restrictions and restricting asylum claims."

Stefan Froberg · Mar 22, 2020

mirimir said: ↑

It does make one wonder

But no, that would be way over the top
Click to expand...

Wonder what ? That this pandemic was not accident but planned instead?
Who knows...I would not be surprised...

But accident or not, this is again one more opportunity for those in power to increase surveillance step-by-step.

And after the pandemic is over the tracking will be the new "normal"

EDIT:

And if those in power want to turn the whole Earth into one big prison....then good luck with that...not going to happen with 7.8 billion inmates...

reasonablePrivacy · Mar 22, 2020

Stefan Froberg said: ↑

Wonder what ? That this pandemic was not accident but planned instead?
Who knows...I would not be surprised...

But accident or not, this is again one more opportunity for those in power to increase surveillance step-by-step.

And after the pandemic is over the tracking will be the new "normal"
Click to expand...

That is probable. Tracking power should be reverted after outbreaks will be over, but I suspect they will be not reverted...

Stefan Froberg · Mar 22, 2020

reasonablePrivacy said: ↑

That is probable. Tracking power should be reverted after outbreaks will be over, but I suspect they will be not reverted...
Click to expand...

Yea it's just too much power for those in charge to resist (power corrupts and absolute power and so on....).

There are already too few countries left that are truly free (all blue) in the four categories listed here:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_freedom_indices#List_by_country

EDIT:
Nature article from 2015.

A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence
https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3985

And under Affiliations sections, one of the institutes listed is:

"Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China

Xing-Yi Ge & Zhengli-Li Shi "

Level four (study the most dangerous stuff) Virology Institute in the same city that
they say COVID-19 started?

EDIT2:

Nature 2017:

Inside the Chinese lab poised to study world's most dangerous pathogens
https://www.nature.com/news/inside-...tudy-world-s-most-dangerous-pathogens-1.21487

The SARS virus has escaped from high-level containment facilities in Beijing multiple times, notes Richard Ebright, a molecular biologist at Rutgers University in Piscataway, New Jersey. Tim Trevan, founder of CHROME Biosafety and Biosecurity Consulting in Damascus, Maryland, says that an open culture is important to keeping BSL-4 labs safe, and he questions how easy this will be in China, where society emphasizes hierarchy. “Diversity of viewpoint, flat structures where everyone feels free to speak up and openness of information are important,” he says.
Click to expand...

Nature Editor's note:

Editors’ note, January 2020: Many stories have promoted an unverified theory that the Wuhan lab discussed in this article played a role in the coronavirus outbreak that began in December 2019. Nature knows of no evidence that this is true; scientists believe the most likely source of the coronavirus to be an animal market.
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That's cute but Im not interested what scientists believe, I am only interested of currently known facts.

And they are right now:

1. There is Biosafety level 4 Virus Lab in Wuhan, China.
2. There has been virus escapes before in China.
3. First cases of COVID-19 disease (virus SARS-CoV-2) started in Wuhan.

mirimir · Mar 22, 2020

Stefan Froberg said: ↑

Wonder what ? That this pandemic was not accident but planned instead?
Click to expand...

I was joking. Seriously. Really.

It is odd, though, how few cases there are in Japan. Most likely, it's just that they're restricting testing so tightly. Maybe about the Olympics.

But Old Bill Burroughs did joke about racially targeted bioweapons. So why not the opposite?

Minimalist · Mar 23, 2020

It's time to track people's smartphones to ensure they self-isolate during this global pandemic, says WHO boffin

Tracking and limiting the movements of overseas travelers, and others suspected to be COVID-19 coronavirus carriers, has proved an essential tool in controlling the pandemic.

That's according to Professor Marylouise McLaws, a technical adviser to the World Health Organization's Infection Prevention and Control Global Unit.
Click to expand...

https://www.theregister.co.uk/2020/03/23/track_phones_coronavirus_who/

guest · Mar 23, 2020

As Coronavirus Surveillance Escalates, Personal Privacy Plummets
March 23, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/technology/coronavirus-surveillance-tracking-privacy.html

In South Korea, government agencies are harnessing surveillance-camera footage, smartphone location data and credit card purchase records to help trace the recent movements of coronavirus patients and establish virus transmission chains.

As countries around the world race to contain the pandemic, many are deploying digital surveillance tools as a means to exert social control, even turning security agency technologies on their own civilians.
Yet ratcheting up surveillance to combat the pandemic now could permanently open the doors to more invasive forms of snooping later.
Civil liberties experts warn that the public has little recourse to challenge these digital exercises of state power.

Increased surveillance and health data disclosures have also drastically eroded people’s ability to keep their health status private.
Click to expand...

But in emergencies like pandemics, privacy must be weighed against other considerations, like saving lives, said Mila Romanoff, data and governance lead for United Nations Global Pulse, a U.N. program that has studied using data to improve emergency responses to epidemics like Ebola and dengue fever.

To reduce the risk that coronavirus surveillance efforts might violate people’s privacy, she said, governments and companies should limit the collection and use of data to only what is needed. “The challenge is,” she added, “how much data is enough?”
Click to expand...

reasonablePrivacy · Mar 23, 2020

Minimalist said: ↑

It's time to track people's smartphones to ensure they self-isolate during this global pandemic, says WHO boffin

https://www.theregister.co.uk/2020/03/23/track_phones_coronavirus_who/
Click to expand...

I think WHO is doing good research, guidance for people, communities, but they also see just one side of the coin.

mirimir · Mar 23, 2020

Well, they need to know where you've been, who you've met, and how close to them you got.

And then, given your health status, they need to know and control where you go, and who you meet.

That is, just about everything

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