"Experts believe the cause of the days-long outage to be the result of ransomware... ...the incident has been hugely disruptive for its US side of the business, forcing the company to close its New York head office... ...the publisher initially said that a portion of the company’s files had become encrypted and that it had taken all of its systems offline to prevent further compromise. The company’s US sales team also confirmed that it was unable to process, receive, place, or ship orders as a result of the company-wide shut down of digital systems and physical offices..." https://www.itpro.co.uk/security/368401/macmillan-publishers-apparent-cyber-attack-systems-offline
