Firefox plugin sounds interesting but kind of complicated.

Plus, if you white list a site and it becomes infected later you'd still be screwed, unless I'm not understanding how to use it.
http://www.zscaler.com/researchtools.html

 

Sounds to me like RefControl has this covered in my browser.

 

I just have referrer completely turned off
go to about:config
network.http.sendRefererHeader change the value to 0
network.http.sendSecureXSiteReferrer change the value to False(some online checkout sites that redirect to another site for payment might use this, but most work fine without it.)

 

use a script and banner filter to prevent the most items.
those filters are improving with time.
Additional options may WOT oder McAfee Site Advisor

Equal addon(s)
https://addons.mozilla.org/de/firefox/addon/177549/
AVG Security Toolbar
http://www.avg.com/ch-de/avg-security-toolbar
Kaspersky have similar.

Or blocked by HOSTS. There several routes to rome

 

I'm not following how any of the methods you proposed are going to block or alter the referrer header which is the protection discussion referenced by the OP's link.

 

then i didnt get the target of this stupid extension.
sry - totally useless from my point to change referer only from search sites.
either complete or with a whitelist for all sites.
and the description there is totally wrong.
at least access should be denied instead changing header data.
user is already in the bad condition - it makes no matter from where he came.