Artificial intelligence and the coming health revolution

ronjor · Jun 25, 2017

June 19, 2017 by Rob Lever

Artificial intelligence is rapidly moving into health care, led by some of the biggest technology companies and emerging startups using it to diagnose and respond to a raft of conditions.
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guest · Jun 28, 2018

AI's health advice is as good as a doctor's, startup says
Babylon Health gave its technology the same test aspiring doctors take in the UK. The company says it passed with flying colors.
June 27, 2018
https://www.cnet.com/news/ais-health-advice-is-as-good-as-a-doctors-startup-says/

AI can now offer health advice as good as what you'd get from a human doctor, says a UK-based startup.

Babylon Health said Wednesday that it gave its artificial intelligence technology the same test required of would-be general practitioners in Britain and that the AI performed better than humans.

The company's team also tested the AI against seven experienced primary care doctors using 100 independently devised symptom sets. Babylon's AI was 80 percent accurate, while the doctors had an accuracy range of 64 percent to 94 percent, the company said.

"AI-augmented health services can reduce the burden on healthcare systems around the world." [...] AI is also being used in several other areas of medicine. Researchers have experimented with teaching deep learning algorithms to predict heart disease by examining eye scans. [...]
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guest · Jun 28, 2018

Kids of millennials may never know a doctor visit without AI
A new report from IEEE reveals that millennial parents are more comfortable with AI medical technology to treat their children.
June 27, 2018
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/kids-of-millennials-may-never-know-a-doctor-visit-without-ai/

With AI technology on the rise, Generation Alpha children may never experience a doctor's appointment without the presence of medical artificial intelligence (AI). As an IEEE report revealed, their millennial parents are growing more comfortable with the technology.

IEEE's study found that millennial parents across the globe are becoming increasingly comfortable with AI health technology for their Generation Alpha children. Most respondents noted that they would have "at least some trust" in AI tech.

Globally, 56% of respondents noted that they had a "great deal of trust" in AI technologies for diagnosing and treating their sick children. [...] Some 45% of respondents from the US and UK were reported to be very likely to allow robots to operate on their child. [...]

As this report shows favorable attitudes toward the technology, it could pave the way for a medical future where no child know a doctor without an AI assistant.
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guest · Jul 2, 2018

Will AI need therapy in the future?
Because maybe "turning it off and on again" isn't a long term solution!
July 1, 2018
https://www.cnet.com/news/will-ai-need-therapy-in-the-future/

That's the position of researchers from Kansas State University. They believe that as artificial intelligence grows in complexity there's a real chance it could fall prey to "challenges of complexity" -- meaning personality disorders. Perhaps AI could benefit from decades of knowledge in how we treat and help human beings suffering with PTSD, depression or psychosis?

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, for example, tries to systematically change behaviour patterns in human beings. Why couldn't similar logistical processes be used to change the behaviour of rogue AI in the future? The argument: Perhaps we should consider using similar frameworks when thinking about AI, identifying the misbehaviour, diagnosing the disorder, and then figuring out a system of treatment to fix the issue.

[...] "When a disorder is diagnosed in an AI agent," explains the paper, "it is not always feasible to simply decommission or reset the agent."

In short: You can't just turn it off and on again.
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Research: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.08915v1.pdf

guest · Dec 22, 2019

NAM: Healthcare must proceed with caution in adopting AI
December 19, 2019
https://www.information-management.com/news/nam-healthcare-must-proceed-with-caution-in-adopting-ai

Artificial intelligence has the potential to transform and disrupt healthcare. However, the industry must beware of unintended consequences and not give in to marketing hype and profit motives.
That’s the contention of a new National Academy of Medicine report, the authors of which describe the document as a “sober and balanced” assessment of the accomplishments, possibilities and pitfalls of AI in healthcare.

The authors of the NAM study point out that AI tools are only as good as the data used to develop and maintain them, noting that there are many limitations with current data sources which are critical for delivering evidence-based healthcare and developing AI algorithms.
As a result, the NAM study warns that bad data will only result in bad models. “There is a tendency to hype AI as something magical that can learn no matter what the inputs are,” observe the authors.

Still, Regenstrief’s Mendonca advises that the industry must focus on clinical safety and carefully monitor uses and outcomes as AI is integrated within EHRs.
“As we wrote in the National Academy report, ‘Virtually none of the more than 320,000 health apps currently available, and which have been downloaded nearly 4 billion times, has actually been shown to improve health,’” says Mendonca.
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guest · Jan 1, 2020

Google's AI can detect breast cancer more accurately than experts
The AI screened with fewer false positives and false negatives than humans
January 1, 2020
https://www.engadget.com/2020/01/01/googles-ai-can-detect-breast-cancer-more-accurately-than-expert/

DeepMind, a UK-based artificial intelligence company purchased by Google in 2014, has turned its sights to the problem of breast cancer detection. Although breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women, detection is difficult due to high rates of false positives (when a mammogram is judged to be abnormal even when no cancer is present) which cause distress and can lead to unnecessary medical interventions.

The company trained its AI using de-identified data from patients in both the US and the UK, and showed that it could reduce false positives by 5.7 percent and false negatives by 9.4 percent in the US.
Unlike the human experts, who used patient histories and prior mammograms to make their assessments, the AI only had access to the most recent mammogram of each patient. Despite this, it was able to make screening decisions with greater accuracy than the experts [...]

The developers of the AI emphasize that this is early stage research and that more studies and cooperation with healthcare providers will be required before the system is ready for widespread use.
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guest · Jan 2, 2020

Google just beat humans at spotting breast cancer — but it won’t replace them
January 1, 2020
https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/1/21045635/google-ai-detect-breast-cancer-mammograms-healthcare

The system was not perfect. While researchers found that AI outperformed doctors in identifying breast cancer in most cases, there were also instances where doctors flagged cancer that the model originally missed.

“Sometimes, all six U.S. readers caught a cancer that slipped past the AI, and vice versa,” Mozziyar Etemadi, a researcher at Northwestern University and another co-author of the paper, tells The Wall Street Journal.
Still, Google says it’s hopeful the system can eventually be used in clinical settings. “We’re very excited and encouraged by these results,” says Daniel Tse, a product manager at Google who also co-authored the paper.

Google has been careful to frame this project as one that will help radiologists, not replace them. “They each bring their own strength, it’s complementary,” says Shetty.
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guest · Jan 29, 2020

Microsoft launches $40 million global AI for Health initiative
January 29, 2020
https://www.windowscentral.com/microsoft-launches-40-million-global-ai-health-initiative

Microsoft today unveiled the latest pillar in its AI for Good program, dubbed AI for Health.

Through the new initiative, Microsoft says it will invest $40 million over the next five years to improve global health outcomes using AI. The program will supply nonprofits and academic researchers with AI tools, cloud computing, and cash grants to pursue ways in which AI can be leveraged to solve global health issues.
In particular, Microsoft points to work that AI can do to improve everything from child and maternal mortality rates to diabetic retinopothy screening.

"There are real health issues in which AI can play an important role, and it may be our best option to accelerate research or expand the reach of new solutions, especially in areas that may lack attention from the commercial health sector," Microsoft said in a blog post announcing AI for Health
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Microsoft: Using AI to advance the health of people and communities around the world

ronjor · Jan 30, 2020

Artificial intelligence-created medicine to be used on humans for first time

By Jane Wakefield Technology reporter 30 Jan 2020
A drug molecule "invented" by artificial intelligence (AI) will be used in human trials in a world first for machine learning in medicine.
It was created by British start-up Exscientia and Japanese pharmaceutical firm Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma.
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guest · Apr 28, 2020

Google’s medical AI was super accurate in a lab. Real life was a different story.
April 27, 2020
https://www.technologyreview.com/20...eal-life-clinic-covid-diabetes-retina-disease

But that needs to change, says Emma Beede, a UX researcher at Google Health: “We have to understand how AI tools are going to work for people in context—especially in health care—before they’re widely deployed.”

The AI developed by Google Health can identify signs of diabetic retinopathy from an eye scan with more than 90% accuracy— [...] Sounds impressive. But an accuracy assessment from a lab goes only so far.
Over several months they observed nurses conducting eye scans and interviewed them about their experiences using the new system. The feedback wasn’t entirely positive.
When it worked well, the AI did speed things up. But it sometimes failed to give a result at all.
Risking a backlash
“This is a crucial study for anybody interested in getting their hands dirty and actually implementing AI solutions in real-world settings,” says Hamid Tizhoosh at the University of Waterloo in Canada, who works on AI for medical imaging.
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guest · Sep 9, 2020

DIU, Google bring AI to cancer detection
September 8, 2020
https://www.fedscoop.com/diu-and-google-link-to-use-ai-in-cancer-detection/

The Defense Innovation Unit has partnered with Google to bring artificial intelligence to cancer screenings done at select military and veterans hospitals.

The deal is supported by the Joint AI Center, which will provide funding and technical expertise as Google Cloud’s tech is integrated into the center’s Warfighter Health initiative. The company will provide augmented reality microscopes with cancer detection tools for research purposes only, at least at first.
The idea is to help doctors see potential cancer cells with the assistance of AI algorithms that have been training on large datasets.

“To effectively treat cancer, speed and accuracy are critical,” Mike Daniels, vice president at Google Cloud for global public sector, said in a statement.
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