COVID-19 Could Provide Cover for Surveillance Expansion

Minimalist · Jun 9, 2020

Workplaces are turning to devices to monitor social distancing, but does the tech respect privacy?

As we emerge from the coronavirus lockdown, those of us who still have a workplace may not recognize it. Businesses, eager to limit liability for employees and customers, are considering a variety of emerging technologies for limiting pandemic spread.

These technologies can be loosely divided into two types: one based on cellphone technologies and the other using wearable devices like electronic bracelets and watches. Both approaches focus on maintaining social distancing, nominally six feet between any two workers based on the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines and supported by some modeling.
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https://techxplore.com/news/2020-06-workplaces-devices-social-distancing-tech.html

Minimalist · Jun 9, 2020

Singapore Says Contact Tracing Token ‘Not An Electronic Tag’

The Singapore government has said that a Covid-19 contact tracing device it plans to hand out to residents does not contain cellular, internet or GPS connectivity and cannot track users’ location.
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https://www.silicon.co.uk/workspace/singapore-contact-tracing-token-345639

guest · Jun 11, 2020

S. Korea walks a fine line between coronavirus tracing, privacy breach
June 9, 2020
http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200609000957

Being confirmed with COVID-19 in South Korea means giving up autonomy over your personal data.

Once you are diagnosed, local officials have the authority to look through your cellphone, credit card history and closed-circuit camera recordings of recent visits in a process known as contact tracing.
The aim is to screen and isolate those who have had potential exposure as quickly as possible, before they pass on the disease to other people.

Now the Korean government is seeking to expedite those steps even further, with the adoption of a QR code-based tracing system.
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Starting Wednesday, people wishing to visit places designated as having a high contagion risk, such as bars, nightclubs and karaoke lounges, are required to scan smartphone QR codes, generated by IT giant Naver, before entering.
The QR code visitor logs will minimize the painstaking job of verifying the accounts of patients and encouraging their contacts to come forth and get tested.

Asked how secure the data was, a Naver communications officer said the company was in a tricky position and that the question would be better addressed by the government.
Troubling precedent for privacy
But efficiencies aside, the high-tech surveillance system is sparking concerns over possible violations of privacy and other rights.
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Dermot7 · Jun 12, 2020

Author: Lindsey O'Donnell
June 11, 2020 12:12 pm
Contact tracing apps for the coronavirus are being developed and tested globally as the world starts to re-open. Are the apps worth using to flatten the curve? Or do data privacy worries trump public health?
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https://threatpost.com/podcast-would-you-use-contact-tracing-coronavirus-app/156454/

guest · Jun 12, 2020

'A breach of privacy': Government issues reminder to hospitality sector over contact tracing details
June 11, 2020
https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/life...lity-sector-over-contact-tracing-details.html

The Ministry of Health has issued a reminder to the hospitality sector that customer contact tracing details are to be used for COVID-19 purposes only after concerns were raised over a complimentary coffee.
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Auckland woman Alice Canton revealed on Twitter she was offered a free coffee from a local cafe to thank her for supporting them during lockdown. Canton said she believes they used the email address provided for contact tracing measures.

"I don't recall giving them permission to do so. Is this a customer data privacy breach?" Canton questioned.

It's a question that has been on many lips since the reopening of bars and cafes under COVID-19 alert level 2. Customers' personal details - including email addresses and phone numbers - were noted down in case of new COVID-19 cases.
While a free coffee is particularly low on the list of offences, Kiwis have previously raised security concerns over private information, especially after the launch of the official COVID-19 contact tracing app.

Public confusion over the issue was evidenced by the mixed opinion on Canton's tweet. [...] But others pointed to Privacy Commissioner John Edwards' previous statement warning the hospitality and retail sectors against using apps or websites asking for too much personal information.
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A Ministry of Health spokesperson told Newshub they couldn't comment specifically on Canton's case, but noted that "ensuring people's details are kept private and upholding confidence in the contact tracing system is essential to ensure New Zealand is able to continue to respond to COVID-19".
"People need to be confident that their information is used only for the purpose for which it was collected."
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guest · Jun 13, 2020

Burger King finds a disturbing way to get people to stay home
June 13, 2020
https://www.zdnet.com/article/burger-king-finds-a-disturbing-way-to-get-people-to-stay-home/

The burger chain chose a classic route. Bribery.

Burger King's Brazilian arm asked customers to download its app and allow the chain to check, via geolocation data, whether they were actually, really sheltering in place and being distantly responsible.
Would you let your government do it? Oh, I don't know.
But Burger King has [...] free food and other rewards.

Yes, if Burger King's surveillance team concludes that you've been an upstanding, socially distanced person it'll offer you little somethings. And even a whopping great combo meal. For free.

"Even with the social distancing recommendation, we want to be present in people's daily lives in a relevant way," Thais Nicolau, director of communication and innovation at Burger King Brazil told the Drum.
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That's the beauty of technology. It allows corporations to be remote, but present. Sadly, sometimes that means ever-present.
But do you really want your local Burger King to know where you are all day?
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Geolocation data helps Burger King reward those who stay at home the longest

Burger fans in Brazil can now earn a free Whopper if they stay indoors, thanks to a new geolocation activation in the Burger King app.

The ‘Lockdown Whopper‘ campaign marks the latest in a number of initiatives introduced by Burger King to encourage people to behave responsibly during the pandemic.
In the US the chain utlised an apt take on its iconic tagline to help mitigate the spread of Covid-19, by urging fans to 'Stay Home of the Whopper’ .
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Krusty · Jun 13, 2020

Privacy confusion over COVID Safe Checklist rules for hospitality venues

Notebooks, spreadsheets and paper forms used to collect personal information at cafes and restaurants are creating fears about privacy breaches and safety concerns.

Queensland Council of Civil Liberties president Michael Cope says State Government guidelines about how businesses must collect and store information about customers are not clear enough.

The COVID Safe Checklist for businesses requires that they keep contact information for all customers, workers and contractors, including names, addresses and mobile phone numbers for at least 56 days.

This information is to be "captured and stored confidentially and securely".

But in the rush to reopen, many businesses have been forced to adapt paper-based methods to collect the information, often in books or spreadsheets where personal data can be seen by other patrons.

Mr Cope said this had raised concerns about privacy and he had written to the state's chief health officer and the Queensland Government to define what "confidentially and securely" means.

"These bars, clubs and (other businesses) are going to be collecting a large amount of personal information," he said.

"We think they need to be more specific. They need to go into detail about making sure there is limited access to them and the public doesn't have access to them."
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https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06...s-cafes-warned-about-privacy-dangers/12351314

Some customers who have been asked to give their details have been shocked their information can be seen by everyone else who visits the same venue.

Audio technician Andrew Troedson said he had to write down his contact details on a piece of paper visible to other customers on the Gold Coast.

"It was just a paper and pencil and you wrote it on a clipboard, along with everyone else who had been visiting," he said.

"It certainly didn't seem like a good way to do it."
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guest · Jun 14, 2020

California startup’s drone software tracks social distancing from the air
June 12, 2020
https://www.digitaltrends.com/news/this-drone-software-tracks-social-distancing-from-the-air/

A California-based startup has created new drone software capable of monitoring the degree of social distancing and face-mask wearing occurring in real time in any given location.

Founded in 2015, Airspace Systems’ main business focuses on creating software for drone detection [...] But its latest offering monitors people, not drones, and could assist a number of states across the U.S. as they try to contain coronavirus outbreaks, Reuters reports.
The software works by using artificial intelligence to make sense of real-time video footage captured by drones. If it spots a large number of people gathered together, possibly flouting social distancing recommendations, it automatically sends an alert to the authorities, who can then decide how to respond.

The system can also identify whether or not someone is wearing a face covering, which some states have been recommending people use as part of efforts to prevent the spread of the virus.
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guest · Jun 14, 2020

Germany says its coronavirus contact tracing app is ready
June 14, 2020
https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/14/21290874/germany-contact-tracing-coronavirus

Germany’s health minister said Sunday that its contact tracing smartphone app will be launched this week, Reuters reported. The app uses short-range Bluetooth to contact people who may have been exposed to someone who contracts the coronavirus, and doesn’t rely on a centralized database, according to Reuters.

While several other countries have already launched contact tracing apps, progress has been slower in the US, with concerns about privacy and accuracy.
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Engadget: Germany's COVID-19 contact tracing app arrives this week

It's based on a privacy-focused, decentralized approach.
And while Germany’s system makes data theft and abuse more difficult, there are lingering concerns about technology that requires constant (if anonymous) Bluetooth interactions.
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Minimalist · Jun 15, 2020

Norway suspends virus-tracing app after privacy concerns

Norway's health authorities said on Monday they had suspended an app designed to help trace the spread of the new coronavirus after the national data protection agency said it was too invasive of privacy.
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https://techxplore.com/news/2020-06-norway-virus-tracing-app-privacy.html

Minimalist · Jun 15, 2020

More than 7 in 10 Americans won’t use contact-tracing apps, data shows

Because of the lag between infection and the onset of symptoms, people can contract the SARS-CoV-2 virus and then pass it on, potentially to many others, before they know they're infected and have to isolate. So being able to identify and warn individuals who have been exposed to an infected person—known as contact tracing—is widely acknowledged to be a vital part of any effective strategy to beat COVID-19. Which is why it is extremely dismaying to see survey data that says fewer than 3 in 10 Americans intend to use contact-tracing apps to allow that to happen.
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https://arstechnica.com/science/202...ericans-dont-want-contact-tracing-data-shows/

guest · Jun 16, 2020

Bracelets, Beacons, Barcodes: Wearables in the Global Response to COVID-19
June 15, 2020
https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/06/bracelets-beacons-barcodes-wearables-global-response-covid-19

In their efforts to contain the spread of the pandemic, governments around the world are rolling out body-worn devices (“wearables”) to assist in fighting the virus. Some governments want a technological silver bullet to solve the public health crisis.
But many of the tools aimed at solving problems come with a host of other problems that will undermine the public health goals for which they are adopted, and create new unintended consequences for privacy, association, and freedom of expression.

These electronic devices are usually worn on the wrist or ankle. Their use can be mandated by the government or voluntary (although users don’t always understand exactly what it is they’re being asked to wear).
For quarantine enforcement, the devices might also use a GPS receiver to inform authorities of the wearer's location.
[...]
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Conclusion
All of these surveillance technologies, like many other COVID-19 mitigations, are being rolled out rapidly amidst the crisis. While proponents may feel that they are taking an urgently needed step, governments must begin by showing the efficacy of each technology.

They also must address the kinds of digital rights concerns raised by EFF on related topics such as proximity apps and patients’ right to privacy against quarantine enforcement.
They can also introduce a variety of serious privacy and security risks to individuals that may be forced to wear COVID-19 surveillance tech.
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guest · Jun 18, 2020

NHS Test & Trace sends text to wrong person, telling them they tested negative for Coronavirus
June 17, 2020
https://www.grahamcluley.com/nhs-text-wrong-person-coronavirus/

Former British MP Emma Dent Coad was not very happy to hear from the NHS Wales Test and Trace service today. Not because the SMS text message she received told her that she had tested positive for the Covid-19 Coronavirus (it didn’t, and she hasn’t).
But rather because the SMS clearly was meant to go to someone else entirely.

On Twitter, the former Kensington MP didn’t hold back, expressing her concern that the SMS notification from NHS Wales of a negative test result had not only been clearly sent to the wrong phone number, but also that there was no obvious way to inform the service of the error.
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In a screenshot shared on Twitter, Dent Coad – who is still a Labour councillor – revealed that the message exposed the patient’s name and full date of birth.

The likelihood of an error like this occuring could perhaps be lessened by simply double-checking, or even sending a confirmation text to the number a patient has registered with the service, but… I guess these systems have been built in something of a hurry.
The worry is, of course, that some people are not going to receive information about their test status (positive or negative).
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Dermot7 · Jun 18, 2020

Extensive surveillance measures introduced around the world during the coronavirus outbreak have widened and become entrenched, digital rights experts have said, three months after the World Health Organization declared a pandemic.

The measures have often been billed as temporary necessities rushed into place to help track infections, but governments have been accused of denting civil rights with the widespread use of techniques such as phone monitoring, contact tracing apps, and physical surveillance such as CCTV with facial recognition.
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Coronavirus mass surveillance could be here to stay, experts say | World news | The Guardian

Dermot7 · Jun 18, 2020

A survey of European views on basic privacy and data protection issues indicates the challenges countries may encounter as they wrestle with surveillance-based approaches to the coronavirus pandemic, or seek to bring in identity cards.

Some findings from an annual survey on fundamental rights by the EU’s Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) are released on Friday by FRA, ahead of the EU’s second annual review of the General Data Protection Regulation.
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https://www.irishtimes.com/business...lance-technology-in-combating-covid-1.4281722

guest · Jun 19, 2020

mood said: ↑

Court Rules McHenry County Health Department Must Disclose COVID-19 Patients’ Names to 911 Dispatchers
April 13, 2020
https://www.hipaajournal.com/court-...e-covid-19-patients-names-to-911-dispatchers/
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Groups ask court to block sharing of private medical info with law enforcement in McHenry County
June 18, 2020
https://www.aclu-il.org/en/news/gro...al-information-law-enforcement-mchenry-county

The League of United Latin American Citizens of Illinois (LULAC), the Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights (ICIRR) and the Health and Medicine Policy Research Group (HMPRG) today asked an Illinois appellate court to block the forced sharing of private medical information about McHenry County residents who have tested positive for COVID-19 with law enforcement and other first responders.

The groups’ brief comes after a Circuit Court judge earlier sided with the law enforcement agencies to require sharing of this private medical information and denied a request by the McHenry County Health Department to reconsider that ruling.
The fact is that some will eschew testing and treatment if private medical information is shared, undermining public health efforts designed to protect all residents of McHenry County.
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Public health experts also note that protecting the confidentiality of medical information is essential to ensuring that people access needed medical care for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

“To provide personal medical information only on those who test positive could lull the responders into false complacency about everyone else. This puts the health of the first responders at risk as it unnecessarily invades people’s medical privacy.”
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Minimalist · Jun 20, 2020

Health Sec Hancock says UK will use Apple-Google API for virus contact-tracing app after all (even though Apple were right rotters)

The UK government last night confirmed it has aborted its ill-conceived coronavirus contact-tracing phone app – blaming protections and battery-saving restrictions in Apple’s iOS for its failure.
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https://www.theregister.com/2020/06/19/uk_looks_to_apple_and/

guest · Jun 21, 2020

Bahrain, Kuwait and Norway Contact Tracing Apps Among Most Dangerous for Privacy
June 18, 2020
https://www.securitymagazine.com/ar...tracing-apps-among-most-dangerous-for-privacy

Bahrain, Kuwait and Norway have rolled out some of the most invasive COVID-19 contact tracing apps around the world, putting the privacy and security of hundreds of thousands of people at risk, an Amnesty International investigation reveals.

Amnesty’s Security Lab reviewed contact tracing apps from Europe, Middle East and North Africa, including a detailed technical analysis of 11 apps in Algeria, Bahrain, France, Iceland, Israel, Kuwait, Lebanon, Norway, Qatar, Tunisia and United Arab Emirates, some of which ranged from bad to dangerous for human rights, says Amnesty.

“Bahrain, Kuwait and Norway have run roughshod over people’s privacy, with highly invasive surveillance tools which go far beyond what is justified in efforts to tackle COVID-19,” said Claudio Guarnieri, Head of Amnesty International’s Security Lab.
“The Norwegian app was highly invasive and the decision to go back to the drawing board is the right one. We urge the Bahraini and Kuwaiti governments to also immediately halt the use of such intrusive apps in their current form. [...]"
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Authorities in all these countries can easily link this sensitive personal information to an individual, says Amnesty, as Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait require users to register with a national ID number, while Norway requires registration with a valid phone number.
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guest · Jun 22, 2020

Companies are enforcing their own contact tracing to track employees
Tech titans don’t have a monopoly on contact tracing – companies are developing their own
June 22, 2020
https://www.wired.co.uk/article/contact-tracing-offices-coronavirus

In the coming months, tens of thousands of workers in Anglo American’s mines in South Africa will be asked to use a new piece of equipment: it could be phone, watch-based, or built into existing personal protective equipment like hard hats.
The FTSE 100-listed mining giant is part of a cohort of companies that aren’t holding their breath for governments, Apple or Google to deliver a workable contact tracing app. Instead, they have decided to develop their own.

But for employees the line between safety and the sack could be about to get thinner.
If breaching social distancing rules becomes an HR issue, the mass forcing of contact tracing apps on employees opens up new disciplinary risks for employees.
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But companies don’t feel like these privacy issues necessarily apply to them. Soter says its wearable device bypasses privacy issues because it has no access to phone data as the hardware and software are standalone.

“We do not collect GPS [location], just whether contact has been made and for how long,” says Pavlenko, “and it’s not necessary to upload colleague names or information as they can be registered as a code and code assignments stored elsewhere.”
However, employees may still be reticent about employer surveillance, and push back against being trackable at all times while at work.

Naylor says: “Companies will have to put careful thought into how they establish the legal grounds for using such apps.”
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guest · Jun 30, 2020

mood said: ↑

The NHS has yet to assess the risks of holding Test and Trace data for 20 years
May 29, 2020
https://www.itpro.co.uk/policy-legi...nderstand-the-risks-of-holding-test-and-trace
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Test and Trace: We'll hold onto your data for eight years now - down from 20
Still feels like a lot? That's because it is
June 30, 2020
https://www.zdnet.com/article/test-...onto-your-data-for-eight-years-instead-of-20/

The UK's health authorities have agreed to slash the amount of time that personal information about people with coronavirus will be held, after the public body was challenged by a digital rights organization.

Last month, in a privacy notice, Public Health England (PHE) announced that personal data accumulated from the Test and Trace program would be retained by the NHS for 20 years. The organization has now revised the policy and reduced the data retention time to eight years.
While patients have the right to get copies of their information and to correct it, they only have "limited" rights to object to their personal data being used, or to ask for information to be deleted.
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The Open Rights Group's (ORG) executive director Jim Killock said that the privacy notice that was originally published by the health services immediately raised alarm bells, and not only because of the length of data retention.

"When the notice was published, it was pretty poorly drafted, and our concerns were that they were rushing the program ahead and didn't think the privacy aspect through," Killock told ZDNet.
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guest · Jul 1, 2020

COVID‑19 contact tracing – technology panacea or privacy nightmare?
Can a technological intervention stem the pandemic while avoiding the privacy pitfalls of location tracking?
June 30, 2020
https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020...cing-technology-panacea-or-privacy-nightmare/

The UK Government recently announced that it was ceasing development of its current contact-tracing app; on the same day, the Canadian Government stated that it was developing one. All this in the same week that the Norwegian health authority had to delete all data gathered via its contact-tracing app and suspended further use due to a ruling by the Norwegian Data Protection Authority.
And if these examples are not enough to demonstrate the utter confusion, the Australian app is reported to have a bug that stops iPhones from reporting possible close contacts.

According to Wikipedia, more than 30 countries have, or are planning to release, apps designed to contact trace or geo fence their users, for the purposes of limiting and managing the spread of COVID-19.
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Ask the members of any app development team if they could develop an app and the infrastructure to support 100 million or more users in under three months and they would say no – and that’s after they stop laughing at the suggestion.

The use of the different frameworks can cause issues: for example, most European countries have adopted the Google and Apple Exposure Notification API, whereas France has not and is processing data centrally. [...]
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guest · Jul 18, 2020

National COVID-19 exposure server could alert people across states
Apple, Google and Microsoft would all play a part
July 18, 2020
https://www.engadget.com/covid-19-national-server-microsoft-003324506.html

COVID-19 contact tracing apps will only be effective across borders if states and countries can readily share data, and a collaboration could soon make that happen in the US.

iMore reports that Apple, Google, and Microsoft are working with the Association of Public Health Laboratories to launch a national server to store keys and help exposure notifications reach people across states. It would be based around Apple and Google’s exposure alert framework, while Microsoft and APHL would host the server.
The move could harmonize apps across the country and help people who travel across state lines.
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However, it does raise privacy issues.
The Apple/Google approach exists in part to decentralize exposure info and protect any sensitive data. It might be harder to protect data concentrated on one server. APHL said it would “securely” store the data, but this might prove a tempting target even if the keys don’t reveal much.
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APHL to build national COVID-19 server using Apple and Google's API, hosted by Microsoft

The secure server will supplement state efforts, and allow for cross-border notifications
Microsoft will support the group by hosting a server, based on an open-source reference design created by Google Cloud:

Through Microsoft's Azure cloud platform, Microsoft will provide cloud services that will allow APHL to host the key server and securely enable interstate operability for the apps that public health agencies deploy.
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guest · Jul 20, 2020

Coronavirus: England's test and trace programme 'breaks GDPR data law'
July 19, 2020
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-53466471

The Department of Health has conceded that the initiative to trace contacts of people infected with Covid-19 was launched without carrying out an assessment of its impact on privacy.

The Open Rights Group (ORG) says the admission means the initiative has been unlawful since it began on 28 May.
ORG had threatened to go to court to force the government to conduct a data protection impact assessment (DPIA) - a requirement under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) for projects that process personal data.

"A crucial element in the fight against the pandemic is mutual trust between the public and the government, which is undermined by their operating the programme without basic privacy safeguards," he added.
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'Rushed-out system'
The government has told the ORG it is working with the Information Commissioner's Office to make sure that data is processed in accordance with the requirements of the law.
The ICO confirmed this and told the BBC it was providing guidance as "a critical friend".

The watchdog is already investigating the Test and Trace programme after the Sunday Times reported last week that some contact tracers had posted private patient data to WhatsApp and Facebook groups.
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guest · Jul 26, 2020

EPIC Obtains Records on White House COVID-19 Response, Location Data Tracking
July 21, 2020
https://epic.org/2020/07/epic-obtains-records-on-white-.html

EPIC has obtained hundreds of pages of records (1, 2, 3, 4) from the Office of Science and Technology Policy about the White House’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic and proposals to use location data for public health surveillance. The documents were produced in response to an EPIC Freedom of Information Act request.

The records show that a tech sector task force closely aligned with the White House sought to aggregate “non-clinical location data” for “disease surveillance,” including cell phone location data, Uber trip data, and Google search data.
In one example from March, the executive director of the National Fusion Center Association proposed an “automate[d] contact tracing and notification” system to the White House.
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EPIC has laid out numerous recommendations concerning privacy and the pandemic and has called on Congress to establish privacy safeguards for digital contact tracing.
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guest · Jul 26, 2020

mood said: ↑

EPIC Obtains Records on White House COVID-19 Response, Location Data Tracking July 21, 2020
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White House Tells EPIC to Delete COVID-19 Records, EPIC Declines
July 23, 2020
https://epic.org/2020/07/white-house-tells-epic-to-dele.html

In an unusual development, the White House directed EPIC this week to delete a set of records that EPIC recently obtained from the Office of Science & Technology Policy—a request which EPIC declined.

On Tuesday, EPIC published hundreds of records about the White House’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic and proposals to use location data for public health surveillance (1, 2, 3, 4). Hours later, a White House attorney sent EPIC a letter “order[ing]” EPIC “to immediately cease using and disclosing" one set of records and to “destroy all electronics copies.”
The letter stated that OSTP had "inadvertently and erroneously" provided EPIC with an unredacted copy of the records.

Although EPIC voluntarily decided to redact personal contact information contained in the documents, EPIC informed the OSTP that it would still make the records available to the public.
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