COVID-19 Could Provide Cover for Surveillance Expansion

guest · May 27, 2020

Apple rejects flawed claims about its contact tracing tech
Apple has been forced to reject damaging claims against its contact tracing tech now circulating on Facebook
May 27, 2020
https://www.computerworld.com/artic...ed-claims-about-its-contact-tracing-tech.html

Exposure Notification is not spying on you
Numerous hysterical myths concerning the Apple/Google contact tracing technology are being circulated on Facebook.

A series of posts claim the Exposure Notification feature inside iOS 13.5 will allow authorities to track people’s locations and monitor who they meet – which is precisely what it tries not to do.
This is not correct.
An Apple spokesperson told Reuters:

“You will still need to download an app from a public health agency to use the Exposure Notifications feature.”
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How it works
In order to work, the solution relies on random Bluetooth identifiers shared between devices. This information forms a record of proximity but does not include location data.

When they announced their work, Apple and Google promised that any apps using the technology “must require users to consent before  sharing a positive test result, and the  ’keys’  associated with their devices, with  the public health authority.” Users should also be able to turn off exposure notifications at any time.
The intention of the tech is that government or health authorities can use the API to build apps with which to monitor the disease outbreak.
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guest · May 28, 2020

Privacy Commissioner warns against over-collection of customer information
May 27, 2020
https://www.privacy.org.nz/news-and...inst-over-collection-of-customer-information/

Privacy Commissioner John Edwards is warning the hospitality and retail sectors against using contact tracing apps or web-based solutions that ask for too much personal information, including whether a customer has had Covid-19.

Mr Edwards says his office has today published a stocktake of contact tracing apps that generally do a good job of helping a business meet their obligations under the health regulations.

“The apps we looked at work without being too intrusive or by putting sensitive information at risk. But if a bar or restaurant is asking a customer, as a condition of entry, to declare through a third-party app or website what, if any, medical conditions or symptoms they have, or any exposure to Covid-19, they could be at risk of breaching patrons’ privacy.
“It’s hard to see why a café or restaurant would need to use a service that scans and retains a copy of an identity document or keeps a record of a vehicle registration or clinical information.
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guest · May 29, 2020

India's contact tracing app made open source, but will this thwart a surveillance state?
May 29, 2020
https://www.zdnet.com/article/india...ce-but-will-this-thwart-a-surveillance-state/

Two days ago, the government of India announced, in a seemingly miraculous turn of events, that it would publicly release the source code for its coronavirus contact tracing app, Aarogya Setu, which has already had close to 120 million downloads.

Following the decision to open-source the app, there must have been a collective, audible sigh of relief amongst those who were terrified that the app, which roughly translates to "Bridge to Health" in Hindi, would become a surveillance weapon.
Meanwhile, Indian author Arundhati Roy, forever pilloried by anyone right-of-centre in India, said:

"The coronavirus is a gift to authoritarian states including India ... Pre-corona, if we were sleepwalking into the surveillance state, now we are panic-running into a super-surveillance state."
The Indian government, according to Mint, has stated that "it has helped predict 3,000 virus hotspots at a sub-post office level. [...] However, the folks at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) aren't terribly impressed with Aarogya Setu's safety quotient nor its collection of all manner of data beyond what contact tracing demands.
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Richard Brooks, a computer engineering professor at Clemson University in South Carolina, said it best recently in a conversation with Bloomberg News: "If the ability to track social contacts exists to stop a contagion, I can guarantee you it will be used to track the spread of dissent."
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Minimalist · May 30, 2020

Virus tracing apps: Which countries are doing what

As countries emerge from lockdowns imposed to blunt the coronavirus pandemic, dozens have rolled out phone apps to track a person's movements and who they come into contact with, giving officials a vital tool for limiting contagion risks.
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https://www.malaymail.com/news/tech...g-apps-which-countries-are-doing-what/1870751

guest · May 30, 2020

The NHS has yet to assess the risks of holding Test and Trace data for 20 years
May 29, 2020
https://www.itpro.co.uk/policy-legi...nderstand-the-risks-of-holding-test-and-trace

The NHS will retain the non-anonymised sensitive data of UK citizens engaged as part of the Test and Trace programme for up to 20 years, despite not having fully examined the data protection risks involved.

The government launched NHS Test and Trace, a manual contact-tracing programme, this week to help contain the spread of COVID-19 with lockdown measures beginning to lift.
PHE subsequently plans to retain this data for up to 20 years, in a non-anonymised format, despite conceding that it hasn’t yet completed a data protection impact assessment (DPIA), examining the risks involved.
‘We expect this to be published shortly’
The data collected under the scheme include full names, dates of birth, sex, NHS numbers, home postcodes and house numbers, telephone numbers and email addresses, and COVID-19 symptoms, including when they started.
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Asked whether there is any scientific basis for the 20-year and five-year limits, a spokesperson reiterated to us the guidance provided in its privacy policy, adding the data will be held securely, and only be used to fight COVID-19.
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Cybersec · Jun 1, 2020

20 years storage of Personal Health Information data is a long time, particularly in light of the serious cybersecurity breach of the NHS in 2018. If this data should also contain the location details from the tracking app and combined with AI this opens up another dimension to potential misuse and privacy issues.

guest · Jun 2, 2020

Virus-tracking app angers thousands in Moscow with fines
June 2, 2020
https://apnews.com/ca08db0bc06f0a9d20e205104680c881

The Social Monitoring app tracks users via GPS and sends them random notifications demanding a selfie to prove they’re still at home. If it detects they’ve left home or they fail to provide a photo, they face a fine of about $56 each time.
But soon the app became a nightmare for Alexeyeva. It crashed when she tried to take a photo. Weak with illness, she struggled with the software for days, sometimes on hold for hours with technical support. And when her quarantine ended, she discovered she had accumulated 11 fines totaling $620.

Thousands of Muscovites also complain they have been wrongfully fined by the quarantine app. In slightly over a month, authorities issued some 54,000 fines, totaling $3 million among its nearly 70,000 registered users.
Authorities insist the fines were justified, issued to those who repeatedly violated quarantine.
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But the biggest complaints focus on the Social Monitoring app, which was rolled out in early April and was mandatory for those infected with the virus or suspected of having it.
Patients had to sign a form requiring them to install the app as part of their quarantine notifications, although they said they were not told how to use the app or what actions would lead to fines.

“The situation is absurd. It’s insane,” Lokshina said. “Instead of serving to contain the epidemic, it in fact serves ... to punish law-abiding citizens who actually attempt to play by the rules.”
On May 21, Human Rights Watch urged Moscow authorities to drop the app, noting that on top of the arbitrary fines, Social Monitoring violated users’ privacy by accessing their location, calls, camera, network information and other data.
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guest · Jun 2, 2020

Bipartisan group of senators introduce contact-tracing privacy bill
June 2, 2020
https://9to5mac.com/2020/06/02/contact-tracing-privacy-2/

A bipartisan group of US senators has introduced a coronavirus contact-tracing privacy bill, the Exposure Notification Privacy Act.
If enacted, it would offer wide-ranging protections for app users…

These include a prohibition on mandatory use. Nobody can be forced to use an app, and those who voluntarily choose to do so can later change their mind and have their data deleted.
Contact-tracing apps must have a clear privacy policy explaining what data is collected and how it is processed. As little information as possible must be collected. Information cannot be used for any other purpose beyond coronavirus tracking.
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CNET reports that one of the bill’s sponsors, Senator Maria Cantwell (D-WA), told it that public health bodies need to be “in charge.”

Public health needs to be in charge of any notification system so we protect people’s privacy and help them know when there is a warning that they might have been exposed to COVID-19.
An easy way to ensure contact tracing privacy would be to use the joint Apple/Google API, which does all data collection and matching on the phone, and does not collect location data nor any identifiable contact details. So far, however, take-up has been limited.
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guest · Jun 4, 2020

mood said: ↑

The NHS has yet to assess the risks of holding Test and Trace data for 20 years
May 29, 2020
https://www.itpro.co.uk/policy-legi...nderstand-the-risks-of-holding-test-and-trace
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Privacy group to challenge UK over test and trace data retention
June 2, 2020
https://www.itpro.co.uk/security/privacy/355867/open-rights-group-legal-challenge-test-and-trace

Digital rights campaigners at the Open Rights Group (ORG) are preparing to legally challenge the UK government over its decision to retain personal health data for up to two decades.

According to The Guardian, ORG is “preparing a legal challenge” and have enlisted data rights lawyer Ravi Naik to draft an open letter addressed to home secretary Priti Patel and health secretary Matt Hancock over the privacy risks associated with the UK's track and trace programme.
A spokesperson for the digital rights campaign group confirmed to IT Pro that it "will be writing to the government this week to ask for their justifications".

"If these are inadequate we will consider enforcement action or judicial review," they added.
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The open letter from the organisation will ask the government to consider switching to a decentralised model, which was the plan until late April when the UK snubbed Apple and Google's jointly-developed contact-tracing API.
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Dermot7 · Jun 4, 2020

Former CEO of MGM Resorts Jim Murren, the head of the task force, said in the release that “resources from G42 will substantially increase our ability to conduct COVID-19 testing and research to help us mitigate the effects of this virus.”

But what Murren appears not to have known is that G42 was involved in building a digital tool allegedly used by the intelligence services of the United Arab Emirates.

G42, an artificial intelligence company, is the only registered shareholder of ToTok, a chat app that was the subject of an exposé in the New York Times in December. Downloaded millions of times around the world, ToTok may have been used by the UAE's intelligence services to collect data on people who use it, their conversations, and their images, according to the Times’ analysis of the app.
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Las Vegas Coronavirus Relief Task Force Partnered With Company Tied To UAE Intelligence

ToTok: One of the most popular chat apps in the US is actually a foreign spy tool | Wilders Security Forums

guest · Jun 5, 2020

Stadium virus prevention steers spotlight toward fan privacy
June 3, 2020
https://apnews.com/3e6c148edee529ea80d7c922f4fdce38

The metal detectors every sports fan has become accustomed to at the gate might soon be accompanied by thermal body scanners as part of the gargantuan task of preventing the spread of the new coronavirus and other airborne diseases.

[...] but how about using your face as your proof of purchase Nascent forms of crowd monitoring — like laser-driven density detection and camera-based calculations of line length — will likely grow faster in a post-pandemic era of live sports that must highlight hygiene.

“The pandemic really ups the need for greater assurance of stadium safety,” [...] people will need to be comfortable with mass body temperature screening and other technology that could be in play.”
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Carrying a smartphone and using it to shop already opens a user to some form of location tracking and direct marketing.

“I think the stadiums could probably say, ‘Hey, we’ve got 50 people in the bathroom right now,’ in the aggregate because you already downloaded that app,” said Nerissa Coyle McGinn, a Chicago attorney with a practice in advertising, technology and privacy who has worked with sports teams including the Chicago Bulls, Detroit Red Wings and New York Giants.
“You’ve agreed to their privacy policy, and sharing aggregate information isn’t considered sharing personal information.”
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Dermot7 · Jun 5, 2020

UK government has published the contracts it holds with private tech firms and the NHS for the creation of a COVID-19 data store, just days after campaigners fired legal shots over a lack of transparency.

Available on the openDemocracy website, the contracts describe how the arrangements between the NHS and Amazon, Microsoft, Google, and AI firms Faculty and Palantir (which subcontracts to AWS) will operate.
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https://www.theregister.com/2020/06/05/uk_government_publishes_covid_19_contracts/

guest · Jun 5, 2020

Singapore wants every resident to wear a COVID-19 tracing device
It's raising serious privacy concerns
June 6, 2020
https://www.engadget.com/singapore-covid-19-contact-tracing-device-182858789.html

For Singapore, contact tracing apps might not be enough to help reopen the economy as the COVID-19 pandemic eases. Smart nation minister Vivian Balakrishnan has revealed that the city-state is close to releasing a wearable contact tracing device that it may soon hand out to “everyone in Singapore.”
It’s not certain if the device would be mandatory, but that amounts to giving 5.7 million residents a gadget whether or not they want to use it.

The hardware could be worn on a lanyard or carried in a bag, and isn’t dependent on a phone.
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While officials didn’t specify what prompted the plan, it comes after Singapore’s contact tracing app, TraceTogether, fell flat. [...] objectors have worried about other privacy issues [...]
Singapore has declined to use Apple and Google technology that shouldn’t have that problem.

The plan for a wearable may exacerbate privacy concerns, however. University College London lecturer Michael Veal told Reuters that it might not be clear what the devices are doing, or what information is involved.
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guest · Jun 5, 2020

Demonstrating 15 contact tracing and other tools built to mitigate the impact of COVID-19
June 6, 2020
https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/05/d...ols-built-to-mitigate-the-impact-of-covid-19/

Personal-symptom trackers, digital contact-tracing and exposure-notification tools are under development in the United States and around the world — their adoption could help healthcare workers mitigate the impact of further waves of COVID-19. These technologies also have significant privacy and security issues.

As part of our work preparing for that conference, we collected and reviewed the leading apps in the U.S.
We have sorted the demos into three broad categories: (1) contact-tracing/exposure-notification applications using Google/Apple API, (2) contact-tracing/exposure-notification applications not using Google/Apple API, and (3) personal-symptom-tracking applications.

We surveyed teams regarding privacy, security and commercialization of personal data. We’ve made the results of the surveys available here.
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Dermot7 · Jun 5, 2020

When students return to school in New Albany, Ohio, in August, they’ll be carefully watched as they wander through red-brick buildings and across well-kept lawns—and not only by teachers.

The school district, with five schools and 4,800 students, plans to test a system that would require each student to wear an electronic beacon to track their location to within a few feet throughout the day. It will record where students sit in each classroom, show who they meet and talk to, and reveal how they gather in groups. The hope is such technology could prevent or minimize an outbreak of Covid-19, the deadly respiratory disease at the center of a global pandemic.
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Schools Turn to Surveillance Tech to Prevent Covid-19 Spread | WIRED

Dermot7 · Jun 6, 2020

Thermal imaging cameras cannot detect fevers and we think they’re likely to breach data protection and privacy rights.

This is a lurch towards biosurveillance and pervasive health monitoring that is more likely to benefit the surveillance industry than to provide any benefit to public health.
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Big Brother Watch tells airports to drop thermal surveillance — Big Brother Watch

guest · Jun 6, 2020

hawki said: ↑

"One of the first contact-tracing apps violates its own privacy policy...sends users’ location data to more than just the government

A new analysis of one of the first of a handful of U.S. contact-tracing apps, North and South Dakota’s Care19, finds it violates its own privacy policy by sharing citizen location and other personal data with an outside company...

The oversight suggests that state officials and Apple, both of which were responsible for vetting the app before it became available April 7, were asleep at the wheel..."

https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/21/care19-dakota-privacy-coronavirus/
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North Dakota Contact Tracing App Ends Data Share with Foursquare
June 5, 2020
https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/care19-app-ends-data-share/

The operators of a North Dakota contact tracing app have had a rethink when it comes to sharing users' data with third-party services.

Care19 was created by ProudCrowd LLC to track the spread of COVID-19 in the Peace Garden State. Following the app's launch, cybersecurity company Jumbo Privacy discovered that Care19 was sending user data to third-party services.
North Dakota stated that the Care19 app "does not have any information that is tied to an individual person” and information uploaded via the app is "100% anonymous."

However, Jumbo found that users accessing the Care19 app via the iOS on their iPhone could be unmasked through the IDFA on their device.
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One of the third-party services receiving Care19 users' IDFA data was Foursquare, a location service that provides advertisers with tools to reach people who have visited specific locations. That arrangement has now ceased.
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Care19 Update: Foursquare allows developers to disable IDFA collection

Care19 shared with us on June 3rd, that the new version of their app (3.3) was no longer sharing users’ IDFA to Foursquare. Based on our review, we can confirm that we can no longer see the app sharing users’ IDFA to Foursquare.
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guest · Jun 7, 2020

mood said: ↑

Singapore wants every resident to wear a COVID-19 tracing device
It's raising serious privacy concerns
June 6, 2020
https://www.engadget.com/singapore-covid-19-contact-tracing-device-182858789.html
Click to expand...

Singapore's move to introduce wearable devices for contact tracing sparks public outcry
June 7, 2020
https://www.zdnet.com/article/singa...ces-for-contact-tracing-sparks-public-outcry/

Singapore currently is developing a wearable device that may be issued to every resident as a way to facilitate contact tracing amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, but the move has sparked public outcry from individuals concerned about their privacy. An online petition urging the public to reject its use has, to date, garnered more than 17,500 signatures.

Headlined "Singapore says 'No' to wearable devices for COVID-19 contact tracing", the online petition describes the implementation of such devices as "blatant infringements upon our rights to privacy, personal space, and freedom of movement".
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Balakrishnan said his team was developing and would "soon roll out a portable wearable device".
While the minister said the devices, when proven to work effectively, might be issued to every resident in Singapore, he did not explicitly say the government would make it mandatory for everyone to use it.

In a followup post today, though, Low noted that whether the government made the use of such device compulsory was "a moot point". "Even if if were not, we recognise the potential creation of a two-tiered society -- those who wear the devices versus [those] do who do not -- therein, and an open pass to engage in yet another form of prejudice and societal stratification," he wrote.
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One user, Francis Lum, said: "Can the government explore technologies that doesn't interfere with people's daily living? We are not one big giant high surveillance prison, are we? Too intrusive. This is like an electronic tag for prisoners or offenders."
Local artist Hossan Leong noted: "Respectfully... No. I have done everything. Downloaded the app, SafeEntry...but wearing a device is one step too far."

In response, the minister suggested that the device would be "far less intrusive" than a smartphone or facial recognition.
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Minimalist · Jun 7, 2020

Case study: how the use of Progressive Web Apps may trigger data protection

I was hesitant to speak about contact tracing apps because so many people speak on the subject and the ratio of repeating the same cliches over and over is also high. Little insightful things are left to be said in this rather simple problem. But recently it emerged that a particular contact-tracing app is using an approach that triggers a potentially controversial issue.
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https://blog.lukaszolejnik.com/use-...texts-may-trigger-data-protection-case-study/

Minimalist · Jun 7, 2020

How Covid-19 Contact Tracing Works on Your Phone

Developers are working on track-and-trace systems to keep infection levels low. The apps aren't here yet, but here's what they do—and how you can enable them.
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https://www.wired.com/story/covid-19-contact-tracing-apple-google/

guest · Jun 7, 2020

Coronavirus Surveillance Is Far Too Important, And Far Too Dangerous, To Be Left Up To The Private Sector
June 5, 2020
https://www.techdirt.com/articles/2...ngerous-to-be-left-up-to-private-sector.shtml

Months into the global pandemic, governments, think tanks, and companies have begun releasing comprehensive plans to reopen the economy, while the world will have to wait a year or longer for the universal deployment of an effective vaccine.

A big part of many of these plans are digital tools, apps, and public-health surveillance projects that could be used to contain the spread of COVID-19. But even if they’re effective, these tools must be subject to rigorous oversight and laws preventing their abuse.
Digital COVID passports that could grant those with immunity or an all-clear from a COVID test the right to enter stores, malls, hotels, and other spaces may well be on the way.

We must be ready to watch the watchers and guard against civil rights violations.
Click to expand...

The potential for law enforcement and corporate actors alike to abuse these tracking systems is just too great to ignore. For their part, most democratic governments have largely recognized that the principle of voluntary adoption of this technology — rather than attempts at state coercion — is more likely to encourage use of these apps.
But these applications are not useful unless significant percentages of cellphone users use them.

The level of adoption will dictate just how well these technologies prevent the spread of the virus, but no matter how widespread such voluntary adoption may be, there is still potential for coercion, abuse, and targeting of specific users and communities without their consent.
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guest · Jun 8, 2020

Plans for coronavirus immunity passports should worry us all
June 8, 2020
https://www.wired.co.uk/article/uk-immunity-passports-coronavirus

If you’ve had Covid-19, an immunity passport could be your ticket out of lockdown — but even companies designing such systems aren’t sure it’s an idea that will or should ever be widely used.

An immunity passport or health certificate is a way of proving to others — your boss, an airline, or a bouncer at a bar — that you have antibodies against the coronavirus that causes Covid-19. It could be a piece of paper, a QR code or a colour code on an app, but regardless of the format, it aims to show you aren’t at risk of spreading infection.
The idea of a digital immunity passport or certificate also raises security and privacy concerns, not dissimilar to those around contact tracing apps.
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Beyond the science, there’s another hurdle to immunity passports: privacy. These tools will hold health data that’s key to work and social life, so keeping that secure and private is necessary. The ImmunityPassport system created by Transferwise staff is held centrally and – by necessity – not anonymised, but it holds a limited amount of personal data: your name, photo and status.

“Currently we have very clunky ways of effectively risk-scoring groups,” Parker says. “The idea that you might limit people’s rights based on those sorts of categorisations is hugely problematic.”
Brown explains there’s also an ethical quandary around keeping recovered people in lockdown when they no longer need to be there.
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guest · Jun 8, 2020

mood said: ↑

Singapore's move to introduce wearable devices for contact tracing sparks public outcry
June 7, 2020
https://www.zdnet.com/article/singa...ces-for-contact-tracing-sparks-public-outcry/
Click to expand...

Singapore looks to ease privacy fears with 'no internet' wearable device
June 8, 2020
https://www.zdnet.com/article/singa...ivacy-fears-with-no-internet-wearable-device/

The Singapore government says the wearable device it is developing for COVID-19 contact tracing will not have GPS, internet, or cellular connectivity, so data it collects can only be extracted when it is physically handed over to a health official. These details are being offered up as the government looks to ease concerns about data privacy and drive the adoption of digital tools that can help speed up contact tracing.

"In particular, there's no GPS chip on the device. There isn't even any internet or mobile telephony connectivity," the minister noted. "Without a GPS chip, the device cannot track the location or movement of individuals. And because there's no internet connectivity, there's no possibility of data being uploaded without the participation or consent of the user."
He added that the data on the smartphone as well as token captured only Bluetooth proximity data. This information would be encrypted and stored up to 25 days, after which it would be automatically deleted.
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guest · Jun 9, 2020

Israeli security head calls for halt in virus phone tracking
June 8, 2020
https://apnews.com/c27fad57c59c83f3de6d829a9c2fd858

The head of Israel’s Shin Bet security service reportedly said Monday that he opposes the continued use of his agency’s phone-snooping technology to track coronavirus cases.

The technology allowed the government to retrace the steps of people infected with coronavirus and to identify people who had come into contact with them in the previous two weeks. Those deemed at risk of infection were then ordered to go into protective quarantine.
But critics said it violated privacy rights. The order authorizing temporary use of the technology is set to expire this month.

According to Haaretz, Argaman said his agency should not be involved in a civilian issue. With the coronavirus largely under control, he also said the use of the technology was no longer necessary.
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Minimalist · Jun 9, 2020

Do COVID-19 apps protect your privacy?

Mobile apps are helping track the spread of COVID-19 to contain the outbreak, but the apps also raise concerns about personal privacy.

Information sciences professor Masooda Bashir and doctoral student Tanusree Sharma at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign analyzed 50 COVID-19-related apps available in the Google Play store for their access to users' personal data and their privacy protections. Bashir and Sharma found that most of the apps required access to users' personal data, but only a handful indicated the data would be anonymous, encrypted and secured.
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https://techxplore.com/news/2020-06-covid-apps-privacy.html

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