Well, at least this verifies something that I saw on a TV show where a kid tracked down where his estranged father lived through an internet game they were playing. But I looked up whether someone could track you to your home address through internet hacking and the results that I got said no. But apparently the TV show knew more than what the internet search engines knew.
That depends entirely on what information you have and where it is on the internet. For some, a simple google search will give address and phone number. If it comes to "hacking" in a formal sense, anyplace you've registered your address would be vulnerable. That would include banks and government agencies.
This attack appears to require mining the cache for data. Disabling the browser cache makes the attack impossible. They can't access what doesn't exist.
I forgot to reply to this before, but I was referring to when you don't have another person's name or identity, and only have like a person's screen name in a forum or a game room.