Format Preserving Encryption (FPE)

guest · Aug 11, 2021

Format Preserving Encryption
Format Preserving Encryption is an encryption technique in which the format of the encrypted data is maintained
August 10, 2021
https://dzone.com/articles/format-preserving-encryption

Data encryption protects digital data confidentiality as the data is transmitted between systems via the internet. There are various encryption techniques and algorithms. The intention of this article is to introduce you to the encryption technique which is not new but is relatively unknown to the developer community. Nevertheless, it is to this day even unknown to many seasoned cryptographers.
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Format Preserving Encryption (FPE)
Format Preserving Encryption is as the name suggests, an encryption technique in which the format of the encrypted data is maintained. When a plaintext is encrypted with FPE, the ciphertext then has the same format as that of plaintext.

As per NIST 800-38G Format-preserving encryption (FPE) is designed for data that is not necessarily binary. In particular, given any finite set of symbols, like the decimal numerals, a method for FPE transforms data that is formatted as a sequence of the symbols in such a way that the encrypted form of the data has the same format, including the length, as the original data. Thus, an FPE encrypted SSN would be a sequence of nine decimal digits.
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The main benefit of using FPE as the preferred choice of encryption is, neither man nor machine can identify if the text is even encrypted as the format remains intact.

Considering the format of both actual as well as encrypted data will be exactly the same, it will not attract changes in datatypes, data structure, as well as database and there, will be very minimal changes in code to implement encryption logic so the integrity of the existing system will remain intact.
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Advantages

With FPE, encryption is not noticed without analysis of the data as the ciphertext has the exactly same format as that of plain text.

By definition FPE, preserves the format of ciphertext (encrypted data) which is the same as plain text, encryption of existing data does neither attracts changes in the database nor in domain objects.

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