Why they come up with this now? Shouldn't this have been a standard feature like 10 years ago? I have even read reports that apps can access data from each other, which is even a bigger problem.
It's not much different with browser extensions and add-ons. Most of them have the capabiltiy to "see" browsing history and settings.
Correct, but I think I've read that apps can even see data from other apps. So let's say that Facebook can take a peek at your bank account via your online banking app, would you be cool with that? That's why I don't do important stuff on mobile phones, security is a joke.
When upgrading hardware Android updated here from v6.1 to 10 and Apps like "Taskmanager" (free, no ads, no other payments) are no longer allowed to work, only rooted. I will have a look to the software lister (ListMyApps) app for my installed apps. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.onyxbits.listmyapps It could become useless.
You're explanation is oversimplified. It is slightly more nuanced and require some basic knowledge of Android software development. There are different kind of storage methods in Android. When you develop an app for Android and do not want other apps to see some data you can use i.e. internal storage. On the other hand sometimes you want to export data (i.e. backup purposes or transfer data to PC via either USB cable, microSD card) so you can use external storage to do that. Since banking app developers know what they are doing and do use internal storage, often with additional in-app encryption, you are generally right with statement that other apps can't see what you're doing in your banking app.